what is stratosphere in earth and life science

... All planets have an atmosphere, but Earth is the only planet with the correct combination of gases to support life. The region within the stratosphere where this thin shell of ozone is found is called the ozone layer. It has evolved over time and human activity is having an impact on the atmosphere. Phoenix, Arizona, is a city in the Southwestern desert. List the major layers of the atmosphere and their temperatures. The stratosphere gets its name because it is stratified, or layered: as elevation increases, the stratosphere gets warmer. The freed electrons travel within the ionosphere as electric currents. These lines extend from above the equator to the North Pole and also to the South Pole then return to the equator. Earth Science. The Van Allen radiation belts are two doughnut-shaped zones of highly charged particles that are located beyond the atmosphere in the magnetosphere. Air in the stratosphere is stable because warmer, less dense air sits over cooler, denser air. The top of the stratosphere occurs at 50 km (31 miles) altitude. Earth science encompasses four main branches of study, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere, each of which is further broken down into more specialized fields. The density of molecules is so low in the thermosphere that one gas molecule can go about 1 km before it collides with another molecule. The warm air near the surface rises and cool air higher in the troposphere sinks. Inversions form: Since temperature inversions are stable, they often trap pollutants and produce unhealthy air conditions in cities (Figure below). These gases are made up of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% of a number of other gases including argon, carbon dioxide and helium. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPvn9qhVFbM, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-YAKZoy1A0, http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/illuminating-the-northern-lights/, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaSFAbATPvk, http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Earth-Science-For-High-School/. Without an atmosphere, Earth would likely be just another lifeless rock. Warmer, lighter air is more buoyant than the cooler air above it, so it rises. Geologic History . That absorption prevents this radiation from harming life on Earth. The atmosphere, being colder than the earth, cannot warm the earth, especially since it is not a heat source. Beyond the atmosphere is the solar wind. Troposphere. Some Earth scientists use their knowledge of the Earth to locate and develop energy and mineral resources. The solar wind is made of high-speed particles, mostly protons and electrons, traveling rapidly outward from the Sun. A foundational idea in Earth science is the notion of uniformitarianism, which states that "ancient geologic features are interpreted by understanding active processes that are readily observed. Earth scientists often work in the field—perhaps climbing mountains, exploring the seabed, crawling through caves, or wading in swamps. With the same number of molecules in less space, both air density and air pressure are higher. Our atmosphere is unique in our solar system and all life on Earth is dependent upon it. Temperature decreases with height throughout the mesosphere. They measure and collect samples (such as rocks or river water), then they record their findings on charts and maps. Studies typically fall into one of three categories: observational, experimental, or theoretical. [16], Volcanoes result primarily from the melting of subducted crust material. Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to planet Earth. For webquest or practice, print a copy of this quiz at the Earth Science: Atmosphere webquest print page. The stratosphere is regarded as the second layer of Earth’s atmosphere (between the Troposphere and the mesosphere) as we move upwards from the surface. This is the layer where most commercial airliners fly and weather balloons travel to. In the stratosphere, temperature increases with altitude. In all, the atmosphere is made up of about 78.0% nitrogen, 20.9% oxygen, and 0.92% argon. Earth •The third planet in the Solar System •According to radiometric dating, it is said to be 4.56 billion years old •Revolves the sun around 365-366 days •The only planet to harbor life 3. The temperature is also higher near the surface because of the greater density of gases. When gas molecules are cool, they are sluggish and do not take up as much space. [9], Beneath the Earth's crust lies the mantle which is heated by the radioactive decay of heavy elements. The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. “ Atmosphere is a protective layer of gases that shelters all life on Earth, keeping temperatures within a relatively small range and blocking out harmful rays of sunlight.” An atmosphere is a blanket of gases that surrounds Earth. Earth's atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth and retained by the Earth's gravity. Pilots like to fly in the lower portions of the stratosphere because there is little air turbulence. Google "stratosphere" and the top search result is the homepage of an eponymous hotel and casino in Las Vegas. Rock, soil, and water on Earth absorb the Sun’s light and radiate it back into the atmosphere as heat. Earth sciences can include the study of geology, the lithosphere, and the large-scale structure of Earth's interior, as well as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Search for: The Atmosphere. Earth’s atmosphere is a thin blanket of gases and tiny particles — together called air. When massive solar storms cause the Van Allen belts to become overloaded with particles, the result is the most spectacular feature of the ionosphere — the nighttime aurora (Figure below). The direct heat source for the stratosphere is the Sun. Nov 19, 2019 - What lives at the very edge of space? By understanding the way temperature changes with altitude, we can learn a lot about how the atmosphere works. Carbon dioxide is a product of respiration in all organisms and also a gas given off by industrial processes and the burning of fossil fuels and vegetation. The atmosphere is the layer of gas around the planet that supports life and climate. See more. We are most aware of air when it moves and creates wind. Earth science generally recognizes four spheres, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere;[25] these correspond to rocks, water, air and life. Some scientists to speculate that hot springs — which contain the biochemical recipe for life, including chemical elements, water and energy — may have set the stage for Earth’s earliest life. Earth's Atmosphere. Notice that in the troposphere warmer air is beneath cooler air. It is thickest near the surface and thins out with height until it eventually merges with space. The ionosphere gets its name from the solar radiation that ionizes gas molecules to create a positively charged ion and one or more negatively charged electrons. Once trapped by Earth’s magnetic field, they follow along the field’s magnetic lines of force. The atmosphere is layered, corresponding with how the atmosphere’s temperature changes with altitude. The Stratosphere: Ozone's Home . The lowest layer is the troposphere where most of the atmospheric gases and all of the planet’s weather are located. Stratosphere definition, the region of the upper atmosphere extending upward from the tropopause to about 30 miles (50 km) above the earth, characterized by little vertical change in temperature. 2) Many jet aircrafts fly in the stratosphere because it is very stable. A body is more likely to retain an atmosphere over time if gravity is high and the temperature of the atmosphere is low. Atmospheric science is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and its various inner-working physical processes. How and where are “shooting stars” created? It surrounds our planet, keeps us warm, gives us oxygen to breathe, and it is where our weather happens. The cooler air then sinks down, because it is denser than the air beneath it. A science experiment that clearly shows how a temperature inversion traps air, along with whatever pollutants are in it, near the ground is seen in this video (5c): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPvn9qhVFbM (2:50). Because of this, the ozone layer protects life on Earth. It extends from about 50 to 85 km (31 to 53 miles) above our planet. All living things need some of the gases in air for life support. Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds our home planet. Earth’s surface is a major source of heat for the troposphere, although nearly all of that heat comes from the Sun. The temperature gradient of each layer is different. The temperature gradient in each layer is determined by the heat source of the layer (Figure below). Hydrologists examine water and warn of floods. The stratosphere layer. Why doesn’t air temperature change uniformly with altitude? Describe ozone creation and loss in the ozone layer. The temperature of the troposphere is highest near the surface of the Earth and decreases with altitude. When that denser air moves inland, it slides beneath the warmer air over the land. We know subtle changes in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun are responsible for the comings and goings of the ice ages. The troposphere is heated from the ground, so temperature decreases with altitude. The stratosphere is the next layer of the atmosphere. Earth Science. The ozone layer is one layer of the stratosphere, the second layer of the Earth’s atmosphere.The stratosphere is the mass of protective gases clinging to our planet. Surrounding Earth is a layer of air, the atmosphere, where conditions are always changing.Try your hand at predicting weather patterns by making a wind vane, a rain gauge, and a barometer. While weather takes place in the lower atmosphere, interesting things, such as the beautiful aurora, happen higher in the atmosphere. It encompasses all sciences which focus on the Earth, and uses physics, geology, geography, meteorology, mathematics, chemistry and biology.The Earth sciences generally recognize four "spheres" of study of the Earth: the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere, corresponding to rocks, water, air, and life. Stratosphere, layer of Earth’s atmosphere lying between the troposphere and the mesosphere. In some layers, temperature increases with altitude and in others it decreases. The atmosphere consists of five layers and is responsible for Earth’s weather. Why does warm air rise (Figure above)? N. P. Gillett is in the School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Crust material that is forced into the asthenosphere melts, and some portion of the melted material becomes light enough to rise to the surface—giving birth to volcanoes.[11][16]. The atmosphere thins out in … Educators. Earth Science It is also called as “geoscience”. How is that heat absorbed? Korvin G., 1998. How does an inversion form under these conditions and what are the consequences of an inversion to this sprawling, car-dependent city? There would be almost no oxygen for breathing. [11][13][14], Areas of the crust where new crust is created are called divergent boundaries, those where it is brought back into the Earth are convergent boundaries and those where plates slide past each other, but no new lithospheric material is created or destroyed, are referred to as transform (or conservative) boundaries[11][13][15] Earthquakes result from the movement of the lithospheric plates, and they often occur near convergent boundaries where parts of the crust are forced into the earth as part of subduction. Earth scientists often conduct sophisticated computer analysis or visit an interesting location to study earth phenomena (e.g. Earth science is the scientific study of our planet, the Earth. It extends anywhere from 4 to 12 miles (6 to 20 km) above Earth's surface up to 31 miles (50 km). Science News was founded in 1921 as an independent, nonprofit source of accurate information on the latest news of science, medicine and technology. The stratosphere’s ozone layer is uneven, and thinner near the poles. Earth and space science explores the interconnections between the land, ocean, atmosphere, and life of our planet. Science Bowl EARTH SCIENCE Earth Science - 3 ERSC-91; Short Answer: What is the name of the atmosphere layer of upwardly diminishing temperature situated above the stratosphere and topped by the mesopause? Why would an unprotected traveler’s blood boil in the mesosphere? Summers are extremely hot. Atmosphere, the gas and aerosol envelope that extends from the ocean, land, and ice-covered surface of a planet outward into space. What is the source of energy and what happens to that energy? Researchers created a new way to determine whether an exoplanet is Earth … Most of the important processes of the atmosphere take place in the lowest two layers: the troposphere and the stratosphere. Most of the important processes of the atmosphere take place in the lowest two layers: the troposphere and the stratosphere. Antarctica or hot spot island chains). But this energy does alter the upper atmosphere. The temperature of the troposphere is highest near the surface of the Earth and decreases with altitude. Earth’s atmosphere is similar to a jacket for our planet. This means that the cooler, denser air of the troposphere is trapped beneath the warmer, less dense air of the stratosphere. Why can’t air from the troposphere and the stratosphere mix freely? The cold ground cools the air that sits above it, making this low layer of air denser than the air above it. [18] This allows Earth's surface to be warm enough to have liquid water and support life. The stratosphere can be as deep 20 miles or as shallow as … Dictionary of Earth Sciences, Oxford University Press. Allaby M., 2008. Geophysics. Climate Change Graphics from the Hall of Planet Earth Tarbuck E. J., Lutgens F. K., and Tasa D., 2002. For example, meteorologists study the weather and watch for dangerous storms. The Atmosphere. The ozone layer contains ozone gas. The ozone layer is found within the stratosphere between 15 to 30 km (9 to 19 miles) altitude. But as stratospheric ozone decreases, UV radiation is allowed to pass through, and exposure at the Earth’s surface increases. Since so little energy is transferred, the air feels very cold (Figure above). As a result, air pressure is very low (Figure below). Discuss how the ozone layer protects the surface from harmful radiation. It is essential to most life on Earth. Some use their knowledge about Earth processes such as volcanoes, earthquakes, and hurricanes to plan communities that will not expose people to these dangerous events. In each of these disciplines are subcategories of specific areas or fields. The four main layers of the atmosphere have different temperature gradients, creating the thermal structure of the atmosphere. The Sun can influence the Earth’s climate, but it isn’t responsible for the warming trend we’ve seen over the past few decades. Typically, Earth scientists use tools from geology, chronology, physics, chemistry, geography, biology, and mathematics to build a quantitative understanding of how Earth works and evolves. The stratosphere is one of five layers of the earth's atmosphere. Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science, but with a much older history. The higher gravity causes the temperature to rise. In the stratosphere, temperature increases with altitude. Through subduction, oceanic crust and lithosphere returns to the convecting mantle. The atmosphere is a huge blanket of gases – mostly oxygen and nitrogen – wrapped around Earth… As a result, there is little mixing of air within the layer. The mesosphere is directly above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. The only heat source is the sun. There is no real outer limit to the exosphere, the outermost layer of the atmosphere; the gas molecules finally become so scarce that at some point there are no more. Forty-five known exoplanets possess an Earth-like atmosphere and liquid water capable of sustaining life, study suggests. Gas molecules are able to move freely and if they are uncontained, as they are in the atmosphere, they can take up more or less space. In addition to storing heat, the atmosphere also protects living organisms by shielding the Earth's surface from cosmic rays—which are often incorrectly thought to be deflected by the magnetic field. How does an inversion form? In December, inversions are quite common. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Regional Senior High School (SHS) Mass Training of Grade 11 Teachers on Academics June 20 - 25, 2016 DAILY LESSON LOG Learning Area : Earth & Life Science (Core Subject) Quarter: 1 Week : 1 Content Standard: The learners demonstrate an understanding of the formation of the universe. The particles spiral along magnetic field lines toward the poles. The thickness of the ozone layer varies by the season and also by latitude. Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to planet Earth.This is a branch of science dealing with the physical and chemical constitution of Earth and its atmosphere. The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth's atmosphere, just above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. Does one occur more than the other? There are both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth sciences. Meteors burn in the mesosphere even though the gas is very thin; these burning meteors are shooting stars. The study of the Earth’s atmosphere and weather patterns is known as meteorology.Those who study these two Earth Science areas are known as meteorologists.. Ash and gas from a large volcanic eruption may burst into the stratosphere, the layer above the troposphere. Grade 11 Earth & Life Science Lesson 1 1. Stranger yet, an unprotected traveler’s blood would boil at normal body temperature because the pressure is so low. The mesosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere. Air from the troposphere and stratosphere rarely mix. If it were not composed of the current mixture of gases. The greenhouse effect occurs naturally, making the planet's surface temperature 30 degrees warmer than it would be without an atmosphere. 10) Earth’s ‘atmosphere’ is also hugely important for sustaining life. Inversions are very stable and may last for several days or even weeks. The particles originate in solar flares and fly to Earth on the solar wind. Meteorology includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics with a major focus on weather forecasting.
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