When using this method to check float height, first remove the float chamber bowl from the main carburetor body. An engine that is running lean may be hesitating. When in doubt, replace the fuel line.The fuel tank itself can be a source of problems. An engine that has gone through this ordeal should also have the oil changed as gasoline could enter the crankcase and dilute and contaminate the engine oil. In most situations, that is not the case. If the float sinks, the float needle stays open, filling the float chamber to the top and then forcing fuel into the carburetor, flooding the engine. That is a very loose generality as different engine needs require the mixture be tailored. If an exhaust analyzer isn’t readily available, “reading” spark plugs after a run of several miles can give a ballpark figure. If not, the vehicle may not run properly, or may not run at all. Two- and four-barrel Holley carburetors are unique, as the float bowls are bolted on to the main body of the carburetor. Low pressure will cause fuel starvation during … With a Thermo-Quad, the float levels must be set exactly to specifications. Do not attempt to start an engine with this condition. Proper mixtures will leave the spark-plug insulators a medium tan/brown. Often, a poor idle condition will not be the carburetor’s fault, but a clogged Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) system. Many gas station and shade-tree mechanics, in an attempt to keep the customer happy, would “modify” the choke system by bypassing or modifying some of the linkages. The float levels can be checked and adjusted while on the car. A good place to start would be to check the neoprene hose connector between the tank outlet and the fuel line. Too Lean, Too Rich As previously stated, a gasoline engine requires about a 12:1 air-fuel ratio. A carburetor can also flood if the float inside the fuel bowl is set too high or develops a leak and sinks (this applies to hollow brass or plastic floats primarily). Does your vehicle have the right carburetor? If the tank is serviceable, most radiator shops can clean out a contaminated fuel tank. If there is fuel in the float bowl, and assuming the accelerator pump is operating properly, there should be a spray of gasoline squirted into the venturi every time the throttle is opened.Working backwards, if there is no fuel in the float bowl and the vehicle has been sitting for a long period of time, the gasoline may have evaporated and left varnish, which has clogged the inlet needle valve. A too-lean condition may also cause overheating, and prolonged operation will cause engine failure – at minimum, burned valves with the added possibility of burning holes in pistons. Check the float level. Additionally, gasoline is blended to suit the area where it is sold, keeping in mind the variables – ambient temperature and altitude. Low-High Speed Systems From the float chamber, fuel is metered through what is termed a main jet, which regulates the amount of fuel to the other circuits. (2) Check float for being loaded with fuel, bent float hanger or binding of the float arm. Gasoline does not compress and the result can be severe engine damage. Another sign or symptom of a sticking carburetor float is when the engine misses out or misfires. Re-check the alignment of the components. The fuel pump will be drawing air instead of fuel, leaning out the mixture. By Ed Preston Nearly all car enthusiasts have heard that ethanol in gasoline causes some problems for some cars. The float is stuck in the open position, allowing fuel to run freely into the reservoir and then into the intake manifold. Improper assembly may crack the bowls. Excessive heat, such as a stuck heat riser, can warp the metering blocks, which will cause all kinds of carburetor gremlins as fuel is going to the wrong circuits. If it is, that explains why the fuel gauge reads “E.”. Once too much fuel is allowed into the carburetor reservoir, the carburetor floods and cannot be started until all the fuel is expelled from the reservoir. The main jets are precision-drilled, and in the case of a four-barrel carburetor, the secondary jets are often much larger than the primary jets. Hook up the vacuum gauge and rev the engine to about 3,000 rpm. Notice I said “about,” as there are several variables. Once the carburetor is assembled, visually check if everything is properly aligned and seated. Carburetors are relatively simple devices. If it is a four-barrel carburetor, only the primary barrels, which are closest to the front of the engine, have an accelerator pump. Now blow into the fuel supply pipe, while simultaneously lifting the floats slowly until the air flow stops. Spray the carburetor cleaner around the suspected area and if the idle changes, you are near the problem. Examine the inlet manifold and carburetor flange for air leaks. Solution #1: A low float level will create fuel starvation, which will cause the engine to stumble. Engine flooding — this is by far the most common problem with carburetor floats. If you have a “correct” collector car with vapor lock issues, an old “shade-tree” solution is to place several wood clothes pins on the fuel line.
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